Registered on 19 December 2017.Īnxiety is a significant modulator of sensitivity along the GI tract. If the EMD intervention is effective in reducing stress reactivity outcomes, this would give us more insight into the underlying mechanisms of EMDR’s effectiveness in PTSD symptom reduction. Secondary outcomes include heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), saliva cortisol levels, PTSD symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, symptoms of anxiety and depression, perceived stress level, and quality of life. The primary outcome is heart rate variability (HRV) stress reactivity during script-driven imagery. Participants are exposed to a script-driven imagery procedure at T0 and T1. ![]() Participants are assessed at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1), 1 month (T2), and at 3 months follow-up (T3). One hundred and ten participants are randomly assigned to either an (1) Eye Movement Desensitization group (n = 55) or (2) retrieval-only control group (n = 55). The study includes participants who meet criteria of PTSD of the public psychological services in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. This study aims to test whether eye movements, as provided during Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), are more effective in reducing stress reactivity in PTSD patients as compared to a retrieval-only control condition. It is yet unclear whether eye movements also reduce stress reactivity in PTSD patients. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based psychological treatment for PTSD. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Trial registration Netherlands trial register (NTR) Trial NL5906 (NTR6094). Imagery Rescripting of traumatic memories is a possible and safe intervention for underweight eating disorder patients. Positive effects were also found on a range of secondary emotional and cognitive measures. ![]() Data were analysed with mixed regression.Įvidence was found that Imagery Rescripting had strong positive effects on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms without interfering with eating disorder treatment. A multiple baseline design was used, with baseline varying from 6 to 10 weeks, a 6-week treatment phase, a 3-week follow-up period and a 3-month follow-up measurement. Ten patients in clinical treatment (BMI 14–16.5) participated. We also investigated whether treatment of trauma influences eating disorder pathology in general and the process of weight gain specifically. We propose that treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder is possible for underweight patients and that their trauma symptoms decrease with the use of Imagery Rescripting. Many eating disorder patients with co-morbid posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms are not treated for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during an underweight state. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the style of object relationships and some core conflictual relationship themes in depressed patients is pathological, and these patients can be treated by identifying these styles and themes in therapeutic interventions.Įating disorder patients with posttraumatic stress disorder have worse treatment results regarding their eating disorder than patients without posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings of the Central Relationship Questionnaire (CRQ) indicate that depressed patients in all three components of wishes (higher tendency toward aggression and reluctance to intimacy), the response from the other (RO) (perception of significant others being annoying and not receiving love from them) and the Response of Self (RS) (distance and a lack of sense of independence and success) had a significant difference and a higher mean compared to the normal group. ![]() Results: The multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the depressed and the normal groups in the four subscales of object relationships (egocentricity, insecure attachment, social incompetence, and alienation). The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis. Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI) and Central Relationship Questionnaire (CRQ) were used to investigate the study variables. Methods: Thirty people with major depressive disorder and thirty normal individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method via structured clinical interviews (SCID-I & SCID-II) and the psychiatric symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the object relations and core conflictual relationship theme in depressed patients while comparing them with normal individuals.
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